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The Pepper Pot, also known as the Pepperpot,〔 the Pepper Box or simply The Tower, is a listed building in the Queen's Park area of the English city of Brighton and Hove. Designed and built in 1830 by architect Charles Barry in the grounds of a villa built for the owner of Queen's Park, it survived the villa's demolition and is now one of its only surviving remnants. Its original purpose is unknown—several possible explanations have been given for its construction—and it has had a wide variety of uses in the 20th century. It is now owned by Brighton and Hove City Council, and is protected as a Grade II listed building. ==History== Queen's Park was designed and laid out in 1824 in the east of Brighton,〔 which had developed as a fashionable resort over the previous century as it developed a reputation as a healthy spa town patronised by the Prince Regent, other members of the British Royal Family and high society in general. In 1825, Thomas Attree—a property owner and developer in this part of Brighton—bought the park (at that stage known as Brighton Park) from its first owner, and employed architect Charles Barry to design a villa for him on the edge of the park. The Attree Villa, as it became known, stood in substantial grounds north of the park and was one of the earliest Italianate buildings in England.〔 Barry designed the square building in the Quattrocento style; it was intended to be one of several around the park, but no more were built.〔 Between 1909 and 1966 it was a Xaverian Roman Catholic college, but it fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1972 despite being a Grade II * listed building.〔 Few structural elements of the villa remain, but the Pepper Pot—which originally stood in the western part of the grounds—remains intact. It was built at the same time as the villa, but its original function is uncertain: theories include a water tower for the villa, a vent for the network of large Victorian sewers beneath Brighton, an observatory or even a folly.〔〔〔 Research in 2011, based on a record in the ''Arcana of Science and Art'' (published in 1836), suggested that the tower stood above a well and housed a steam engine which drew the water out. Its name was given in the ''Arcana'' as "Belvedere Tower". Its present name, which has historically been used locally and has now been adopted more generally,〔 makes reference to its shape.〔 Since it passed out of Attree's ownership, the structure has had a remarkable variety of uses. George Duddell bought Attree's estate in 1863, and used the Pepper Pot to print and publish his local newspaper, the ''Brighton Daily Mail''.〔〔〔 Three years later, it (along with the park, the villa and all associated buildings) had passed to the Brighton Corporation,〔 the equivalent of the present city council. During World War II, the military used the structure as an observation post.〔〔 Later uses included the headquarters of a Scout troop, an artist's studio〔〔 and—after an extension was built in the base in the 1960s—a public toilet.〔〔 The Pepper Pot was designated a Grade II listed building on 13 October 1952.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pepper Pot, Brighton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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